8th Grade Math Unit Resources

Geometric Figures: Rigid Transformations and Congruence

• 8.G.A.1 – Verify experimentally the properties of rotations, reflections, and translations:
  a. Lines are taken to lines, and line segments to line segments of the same length.
  b. Angles are taken to angles of the same measure.
  c. Parallel lines are taken to parallel lines.

• 8.G.A.2 – Understand that two-dimensional figures are congruent if one can be obtained from the other by a sequence of rotations, reflections, and translations; give an informal argument for congruence in terms of rigid motions.

• 8.G.A.3 – Describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations, and reflections on two-dimensional figures using coordinates. 

Geometric Figures: Transformations, Similarity, and Angle Relationships

• 8.G.A.3 – Describe the effect of dilations, translations, rotations, and reflections on two-dimensional figures using coordinates.

• 8.G.A.4 – Understand that a two-dimensional figure is similar to another if the second can be obtained from the first by a sequence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations; given two similar figures, describe a sequence that exhibits the similarity between them.

• 8.G.A.5 – Use informal arguments to establish facts about the angle sum and exterior angle of triangles, about the angles created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal, and about the angle–angle criterion for similarity of triangles.

Linear Relationships: Slope, Linear Equations, and Systems

• 8.EE.B.5 – Graph proportional relationships, interpreting the unit rate as the slope of the graph. Compare two different proportional relationships represented in different ways (e.g., tables, graphs, equations).

• 8.EE.B.6 – Use similar triangles to explain why the slope mmm is the same between any two distinct points on a non-vertical line in the coordinate plane; derive the equation y=mx+by = mx + by=mx+b for a line through the origin and parallel lines.

• 8.EE.C.7 – Solve linear equations in one variable, including cases with variables on both sides.

• 8.EE.C.8 – Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations, including finding points of intersection and interpreting solutions in real-world and mathematical contexts.

Functions: Linear and Non-Linear Relationships

• 8.F.A.1 – Understand that a function is a rule that assigns to each input exactly one output. The graph of a function is the set of ordered pairs consisting of an input and its corresponding output.

• 8.F.A.2 – Compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically, or verbally).

• 8.F.A.3 – Interpret the equation y=mx+by = mx + by=mx+b as defining a linear function, whose graph is a straight line; give examples of nonlinear functions.

• 8.F.B.4 – Construct a function to model a linear relationship between two quantities; determine and interpret the rate of change (slope) and initial value (y-intercept) from a table, graph, or description.

• 8.F.B.5 – Describe qualitatively the functional relationship between two quantities by analyzing a graph (increasing/decreasing, linear/nonlinear, positive/negative slope).

• 8.EE.B.5 (Compare) – Graph proportional relationships, interpreting the unit rate as the slope of the graph, and compare two different proportional relationships represented in different ways (e.g., tables, graphs, equations).

Integer Exponents:Properties and Scientific Notation

• 8.EE.A.1 – Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate equivalent numerical expressions.

• 8.EE.A.3 – Use numbers expressed in the form of a single digit times an integer power of 10 to estimate very large or very small quantities, and express how many times as much one is than the other.

• 8.EE.A.4 – Perform operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation, including problems where both decimal and scientific notation are used. Use scientific notation and technology to choose units of appropriate size for measurements and to interpret scientific data.

Real Numbers: Rational Numbers, Irrational Numbers, and the Pythagorean Theorem

• 8.EE.A.2 – Use square root and cube root symbols to represent solutions to equations of the form x2=px^2 = px2=p and x3=px^3 = px3=p; evaluate square roots of small perfect squares and cube roots of small perfect cubes; know that 2\sqrt{2}2​ is irrational.

• 8.NS.A.1 – Know that numbers that are not rational are called irrational; understand that every number has a decimal expansion, and that rational numbers have repeating or terminating decimals while irrational numbers do not.

• 8.NS.A.2 – Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers, locate them approximately on a number line diagram, and estimate the value of expressions involving irrational numbers.

• 8.G.B.6 – Explain a proof of the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse.

• 8.G.B.7 – Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles in real-world and mathematical problems in two and three dimensions.

• 8.G.B.8 – Apply the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between two points in a coordinate system.

• 8.G.C.9 – Apply the formulas for the volumes of cones, cylinders, and spheres and use them to solve real-world and mathematical problems

Statistics: Two-Variable Data and Fitting a Linear Model

• 8.SP.A.1 – Construct and interpret scatter plots for bivariate measurement data to investigate patterns of association between two quantities (positive, negative, linear, or nonlinear).

• 8.SP.A.2 – Know that straight lines are widely used to model relationships between two quantitative variables. For scatter plots that suggest a linear association, informally fit a straight line and judge its fit by examining the closeness of the data points to the line.

• 8.SP.A.3 – Use the equation of a linear model to solve problems in the context of bivariate measurement data, interpreting the slope and intercept.

• 8.SP.A.4 – Understand that patterns of association can also be seen in bivariate categorical data by displaying frequencies and relative frequencies in two-way tables. Construct and interpret such tables to describe possible associations between the two variables.